Uživatel:Mekniy/Pēnsortuson
| Nissiiština niyiMal niyiNi malhwaNun Niyīmal Niyēī Malhwan | |
 Slovo 'niyiMal' v různých písmech | |
| Rozšíření |
 Meknijsko-Lurk Radoslávie (Bobánie) |
|---|---|
| Počet mluvčích | není znám |
| Klasifikace |
|
| Písmo | latinka (Nissiiská abeceda), ssalba (tradiční) |
| Postavení | |
| Regulátor | Meknijská národní univerzita nakála Hanunkcha |
| Úřední jazyk |
Meknijsko-Lurk |
| Kódy | |
| CSO 3343-1 | ns / nsm |
| CSO 3343-2 | ns_FE / nsm_FE (B) |
| MicroWiki | |
| https://cs.micronations.wiki/wiki/大丶己丶丁丶日卜눈/nsm | |
Jazyk nissiiský (nissiisky niyiMal/Niyīmal, dlouze niyiNi malhwaNun/Niyēī Malhwan) je bójoheumský semi-flektivní jazyk, který je jedním z oficiálních jazyků Spojených států meknijských. Jedná se o jeden z nejvyspělejších jazyků ve středoevropském mikronacionálním prostoru. Jazyk je standardizován Meknijskou univerzitou nakála Hanunkxa.
Historie
Moderní nissiiština vychází z nové nissiištiny, jazyku, který svůj původ datuje až k prabójoheumštině, teoretickému jazyku, který je předkem, vedle nissiištiny, i radoslávské jeseničtině. Prabójoheumštinu jako svůj jazyk označovali proto-meknijčané v legendě Ojineo. Jazyk byl silně příbuzný keltským jazykům. V legendě je jazyk označován jako "mōdnumida", lingvisté předpokládají, že slovo mōdnu pochází z korejského 모듬 (modeum - smíchaný), slovem "mida" se označovali proto-meknijčané, jelikož je prabójoheumština jazykem založeným na indoevropském základě, je možné, že název znamená "smíchaný jazyk", čili jakousi kreolštinu.
Jazyk se poté od proto-jeseničtiny oddělil přibližně v 1. století n.l. Další vývoj znamenal oddělení nissiiské a esagitské větve, která však sama vymřela a byla nahrazena nissiiskou. Nová, nissiisky ovlivněná, esagitská větev znovu oddělila. Nissiiská větev byla rozdělena na další dvě podvětve, tyormyarskou a niyimyalskou (thornskou a nissiiskou). V moderní době v esagitské větvi existují dva jazyky, nižší a vyšší esagitština, v nissiské nissiiština, bobanština a konissiiština, v thornské thornština.
Původ
Nissiiština, jak již bylo uvedeno, vychází z teoretického bójoheumského jazyka. Dle lingvistů University nakála Hanunkxa v Yeoju, bójoheumský jazyk mōdnumida (v radoslávském kontextu někdy psáno módejda) byl keltský jazyk, který mohl být silně ovlivněn prakorejštinou, zejména v Ilbunilské a Beurgilské krajině (dnešní Meknijsko).
Keltská teorie
Teorii keltského základu podkládá silná podobnost nissiištiny s dnešními insulárními keltskými jazyky (irština, skotská gaelština, velština, manština, bretanština apod.). Lingvisté předpokládají, že při příchodu družiny pod vedením Hanunkxa Čechy a Moravu obývali původní obyvatelé - keltové - bójové. To by mohlo znamenat, že dnešní nissiiština, jeseničtina, lorynština apod. mohou být přímými potomky původního prajazyka Bójů. Ke zmínce patří také velká podobnost s latinou, která je keltským jazykům příbuzná.
| čeština | slovenština | mōdnumida* | bohujiština | jeseničtina | nissiiština | thornština | galština* | velština | skotská gaelština | irština | latina | řečtina |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| přítel | priateľ | *āmeikā | amigo | komerád | āmeiko | ameiko | caranđ | ffrind | caraid | cara | amicum | fílos |
| kůň | koň | *exwos/ê | ek | ekvoj | ejo / kahyain / marko | ejho / kahain / mhalho | epos | ceffyl | each | capall | equo | álogo |
| bílá | biela | *alpxos/ê | alwyi | alpoj / kjikodoj | alveo | alwo | abel | gwyn | alba | bán | alba | lefkó |
| tchýně | svokra | *sobox | yima aftiewo | sejkús | sveokxoru | sobekoru | - | chwegr | màthair-chèile | máthair mo chéile | socrus | ekurā |
| vousy | fúzy | *pxartxā | barda | parto | bbarddo | bardo | grenon | barf | feusag | féasóg | barba | geneiáda |
| jedna | jedna | *oinos/ê | an | oiraj | iino | iinho | oinos | un | aon | ceann | unum | éna |
| dva | dva | *dwou | dvol | dvou | deobo | doboii | dum | dau | dhà | beirt | duo | dýo |
| tři | tri | *treyeseyī | dre | trejes | teareyes | trehes | tri | tri | trì | triúr | tribus | tría |
| čtyři | štyri | *kadriyesī | byib | kodrijes | cherabaes | herabus | petri | pedwar | ceithir | ceathrar | quattuor | téssera |
| síla | sila | *galnos/ê | halen | galraj | galno / kūbeao | galnho | galno | pwer | cumhachd | cumhacht | imperium | ischýos |
| ryba | ryba | *piskiyī | piruigi | harujoruj | pisteukiseoyeot | pisoho | ēscos | pysqodyn | iasg | iasc | piscis | psária |
| zuby | zuby | *dentiyī | denti | zupen | lintinnae / dantinnae | lintisoho / dantisoho | dant | dannedd | fiaclan | fiacla | dentes | dóntia |
| mléko | mlieko | *glakti | aagidi | glakti | galaktū / molgea | hapakti | melgos | llaeth | bainne | bainne | lactis | gála |
| dům | dom | *domos/ê | dyi | dáraj | dol | dohol | tigern | ty | taigh | teach | domum | spíti |
| ret | pery | *kxalnom | kelki | ćilnán | kxelgyeu | kelghu | - | gwefus | bile | liopa | labia | cheíli |
* mrtvý jazyk
Phonology
Ejivoyo - vowels
Standard (standard) Nissiian distinguishes between 15 + 3 basic vowel phonemes, 4 diphthongs and 8 glottalized diphthongs. These sounds include:
- Vowels: a, e, i, o, u, ea, ae, eo, eu
- Long vowels: ā, ē, ī, ō, ū
- Soft (patalized) vowels: yae (ye), yeo, yeu
- Diphthongs: ai, ei, ao, oa (today replaced by hwa)
- Glotalized diphthongs: aa, ee (aee), ii, oo (eoo), uu (euu)
In closed vowels (e, o, u), the form of voices is often applied in ordinary speech, where closed vowels are pronounced openly (eg the word jon - jeon, du pessae kloreuNi - deu paessae kleoreuNi). In modern Nissian, glottalized diphthongs, which are pronounced unglotalized with an accent, also undergo assimilation. Glotalized pronunciation is required in Sacred Nissian.
Pxangavoyo - consonants
In modern standard Nissian, consonants are divided into the so-called ssalmeol (table of characters). Each line corresponds to the phonological attributes of the given phoneme.
| Ssalmeol | |||||||
| px | tx | kx | |||||
| p | t | k | pp | tt | kk | ||
| b | d | g | bb | dd | gg | ||
| m | n | ng | mm | nn | |||
| s | c | h | ss | cc | |||
| sh | ch | j | |||||
| sx | cx | x | |||||
| r | l | y | rr | ll | yy | ||
| rh | v | hw | vv | ||||
Ssalmeol roughly resembles the classical division of vowels used by linguists.
| Labial | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Patalal | Velar | Labio-velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ng | |||||
| Plosive | aspirated | px | tx | kx | ||||
| voiceless | p | t | k | ea | ||||
| voiced | b | d | g | |||||
| Affricate | aspirated | cx | ||||||
| voiceless | c | ch | ||||||
| voiced | j | |||||||
| Fricative | aspirated | sx | ||||||
| voiceless | s | sh | x | |||||
| voiced | v | (ss) | h | |||||
| Vibrant | standard | r | ||||||
| fricative | rh | |||||||
| Approximant | l | y | hw | |||||
Ortography
Nissian is officially written in the Nissian alphabet (alpabaeta, formerly ababeba). It is written in ssalba in traditional and spiritual documents, some states (Niyi, Esagitia) still use ssalba.
| Alphabet | Pronounciation | Couplings | Pronounciation | Diacritics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | ah / bAth | Ae | eh / mEn | Ā |
| B | b / Bob | Eo | oh / lOch | Ē |
| C | ts / leTS | Eu | u / nEW | Ī |
| D | d / Do | Yae | yeh | Ō |
| E | eh / Eleanor | Yeo | yoh | Ū |
| (F)
Not used |
p / Pass | Yeu | yuh | |
| G | g / George | Sh | sh | |
| H | h / y / Honey / Yes | Sx | aspirated sh | |
| I | i / mE | Ch | ch / muCH | |
| J | j / Jain | Cx | aspirated ch | |
| K | k / looK | Ss | z | |
| L | l / Look | Hw | wh / WHite in Texan dialect | |
| M | m / Me | Rh | Czech Ř | |
| N | n / Noon | Px | aspirated P | |
| O | o / mÜsli | Tx | aspirated T | |
| P | p / Place | Kx | aspirated K | |
| R | r / single tap R | |||
| S | s / See | |||
| T | t / Took | |||
| U | u / mOOn | |||
| V | v / Vent | |||
| (W)
Only in Hw |
w | |||
| X | kh / loCH | |||
| Y | y / You | |||
| Ʌ | uh / UH oh |
Two Nissiian orthographies
Nowadays, Nissian is written in two ways, an old orthography (gerleuNi eokxeivaeNun / ē gerlūī Eokxaeivaen) and a reformed new orthography that seeks to capture Nissian as it is spoken (ē shieobōī Eokxeivaen). Officially, only the old orthography is used, the movement ma hwanida merōī N ad Antōn (I want a simple N at the end) is trying to enforce a reformed orthography next to the old one, which corresponds to the notation of ssalba.
New orthography often brings the use of more accents, such as dots above and below letters and the reduction of graphemes.
Grammar
Nissiian is a semi-inflected language (partly flexible) that expresses sentence structure through flexion and many conjunctions. Its syntax is partly reminiscent of, for example, German, or a close language, Irish. The word order is similar to Czech.
Word types
Nissian distinguishes 10 word types,
- flective
- inflect - noun (ē nyaaneul), pronoun (ē kxonol)
- inflecting and escalating - adjectives (ē boonyaaneul)
- tense - verbs (ē kosemidal)
- non-flective – numerals (ē aritōl), adverbs (kxahyessal), prepositions (antīmidal), conjunctions (ē seryemidal), particles (prsiyaetōmeul) and interjections (eoxesoyael)
Noun gender
Nissian distinguishes two genders, masculine (hard, kreumli) and feminine (soft, nyaeli), the middle gender occurs only in pronouns. The genus can be recognized by the last vowel of the root, in the case of a vowel it is feminine, on the contrary it is masculine, ie: shilo - feminine, ddēmon - masculine, etc. The gender in Nissian is not very important, as it is in Czech, for example.
Inflection
Nissian distinguishes 4 noun cases, nominative, genitive, dative and vocative, which are used in the declension of nouns, pronouns and, in part, adjectives. The basic form of names is the nominative of the singular number, in rare cases the basic form can also be the root.
| Number | Case | Feminine | Masculine | Feminine own name | Masculine own name | Noun case question | Kxeoda | Old
ortography |
New
ortography | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *shilo (water) | *jinā (woman) | *polisoyeot (town) | *ddēmon (faith) | *Shinsegye (Mekniy) | *Voijin (Christopher) | |||||||||
| Singular | Nominative | shilon | jinān | polisoyeoteun | ddēmoneun | Shinsegye | Voijin | kxan? pxiseon? | 눈 | Nun / Eun | n / eun | |||
| Genitive | shilēī | jinānēī | polisoyeotēī | polisoyēī | ddēmonēī | ddēmēī | Shinsegyeēī | Shinsegyēī | Voijinēī | ineu kxanēī? | 애 | Ei | ēī | |
| Dative | amShilo | anJinā | anPolisoyeot | anDdēmon | AmShinsegye | AnVoijin | amKxa? amPxiseo? | 암 | am | am | ||||
| Vokative (standard) | shilonim | jinānim | polisoyeotim | ddēmonim | Shinsegyenim | Voijinim | kxahyeon kxanim? | 님 | Nim | nim / im | ||||
| Vokativ (sacred) | ō shilo | ō jinā | ō polisoyeot | ō ddēmon | ō Shinsegye | ō Voijin | kxahyeon ō kxa? | 어 | ō / ooh | ō | ||||
| Plural | Nominative | shilol | jināl | polisoyeoteul | ddēmoneul | Shinsegyeē | Voijinē | kxal? pxiseol? | 룰 | Lul / Eul | l / eul | |||
| Genitive | shilēī | jinānēī | polisoyeotēī | polisoyēī | ddēmonēī | ddēmēī | Shinsegyeēī | Shinsegyēī | Voijinēī | ineu kxanēī? | 애 | Ei | ēī | |
| Dative | amShilo | anJinā | anPolisoyeot | anDdēmon | AmShinsegye | AnVoijin | amKxa? amPxiseo? | 암 | am | am | ||||
| Vokative (standard) | shilonai | jinānai | polisoyeotai | ddēmonai | Shinsegyenai | Voijinai | kxahyeon kxanai? | 의 | Ai | ai | ||||
| Vokativ (sacred) | ō shilo | ō jinā | ō polisoyeot | ō ddēmon | ō Shinsegye | ō Voijin | kxahyae ō kxa? | 어 | ō / ooh | ō | ||||
| Number | Noun case | Personal pronouns | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||||
| I | You | He | She | It | ||
| Singular | Nominative | ma | du | kreos | nyaes | nney |
| Genitive | maa | dū | sēobio | noli | nēī | |
| Dative | me | du | nneyden | nneyna | nney | |
| Vokative (sacred) | ō daema | ō du | ō kreos | ō nyaes | ō nney | |
| Plural | Nominative | inbae | du | sa | ||
| Genitive | insereu | dū | sa | |||
| Dative | asx | du | ney | |||
Verbs and verb tenses
Nissian verbs express 3 tenses: past, present and future. The infinitive consists of the ending -ae
Examples of words
Numerals
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 20 | 25 | 100 | 0 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| iino | deobo | teare | chera | pinpxe | sēk | seshaa | oktya | shieobin | dekaa | deobata | deobatapinpxe | kasseoso / seot | nura |
Days and months
| Czech | Nissiian | Ssalba | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | Kxeiman | 二丿丨亍卜눈 | From the word kxeimea - winter |
| February | Jerssean | 人丿己孖丶눈 | From the word jervve - to shout |
| March | Caatinen | 又不刀丨昍厶눈 | From the word yyoreu, formerly caricireu - fresh |
| April | Apxrīlean | 卜汀己亻乚丶눈 | From the word April |
| May | Māyeun | 亍卞大눈 | From the word may |
| June | Derkxean | 久丿己二丶눈 | From the word derkxeuae - to obtain |
| July | Dessilan | 久丿孖丨乚卜눈 | From the Esagitian word desre - burn |
| August | Sxīsan | 孓亻了卜눈 | From the word shisai - shisai harvested herbs |
| September | Lēkesseon | 乚厂丰丿孖中눈 | From the Tiornian word lekehoku - lazy |
| October | Kōssesseon | 丰回孖丿了中눈 | From the word koseka - work |
| November | Nyeonesseon | 日丫日丿孖中눈 | From the word svnyeo essea - celebration of pigs |
| December | Noyīsseon | 日囗大亻孖中눈 | From the word noyī essea - Christmas celebration |
| Czech | Nissiian | Ssalba | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|
| Monday | Honan | 刂囗日卜눈 | Formerly byona - the beginning |
| Tuesday | Dileun | 久丨乚눈 | is not known |
| Wednesday | Shipekean | 子丨斗丿丰丶눈 | From the word shipxinalleo - an endless week |
| Thursday | Nokin | 日囗丰丨눈 | is not known |
| Friday | Norisoyeon | 日囗己丨了囗丫눈 | Norisoyeo holiday celebration |
| Saturday | Sabeuteun | 了卜丁幵刀눈 | Sabbath celebration |
| Sunday | Idilan | 丨久丨乚卜눈 | Formerly ideula - from the word teuryae - beginning |
Konjugace
| Česky | Nissiisky | Keoda | Výslovnost keody | Keoda v ssalbě | |
| Já | beru | (ma) pxermeot | -eot | -ot | 옽 |
| Ty | bereš | (du) pxermae | -ae | -é | 애 |
| On, ona, ono | bere | (nney) pxerma | -a | -a | 아 |
| My | berem(e) | (as) pxermeon | -eon | -on | 온 |
| Vy | berete | (sa) pxermeoyae | -oyae | -oje | 외 |
| Oni | berou | (nnae) pxerme | -e | -e | 에 |
Příklad textu
Všeobecná deklarace lidských práv
| Nissiisky | aruGalLul bae koOnbae dea unseoNi i someuNi do nney ineul mabeNun i indeksLulSeamnida. sa bae daeKersseoNi i habu kōmvisoyeoteutinnaeNun i omseo moji ineul baNun ovvae brotērNiSeamnida. | |
| Nissiisky, český zápis | Arugalyl bê ko'onbê d'unsôní y somûní do n'nej inûl mabeun i indeksylsymnida. Sa bê dêkerzoní y habu kómvisojôtûtin'nêun y omzo moži inûl banun ouê brotérnísymnida. | |
| Nissiisky, posvátná | ara cxomyainLul bae koNguokeo dea unseoNi i someuNi do pxello in mabeNun i puuyeuLulOika. eobeolhwaLul bae daeKersseoNi i eikyae kōmvisoyeoteutinnaeNun i omseo moji in baNun brotearianaoNunOika. | |
| Nissiisky, strojový překlad | ara galmmaLul bae nguoteu lēudderoNun i someuNi ineul pxelloNun i dekeuteroNiSeamnida. sa baeSe dekersoShea kaati rtinnaeNun i kōmvisoyeoteutinnaeNun i omseo mojiNun ineul baNun ovvae brotearianEunSeamnida. | |
| Česky | Všichni lidé se rodí svobodní a sobě rovní co do důstojnosti a práv. Jsou nadáni rozumem a svědomím a mají spolu jednat v duchu bratrství. |
Z HaeriNim PotearNim i vikkoGalNi praahnaNun
gd. i gn. DursleyNim, ka bae oneul aritō chereabaeNun, Privet Drive, bae borsoNi oneul koMal sa bae nohmalNi, daeMyonSeamnida. sa bae ōpitoNi galLul du baeSheaae koBealpyae ssae ineul koPxisoyeot minseoNi atta pxalNi, atta sa siBae minseoNiSeamnida. gd. DursleyNim baeSheaae namulGal oneul siyeaNun on solemaNun GrunningsNim, ka kosega oneul lhyokaflleoLulSeamnida. nneyDen bae metNi, myoyunaDenNi gd. siKaati monhwaNun, ita nneyDen habu daeMetNi norhisoyeotbardōNunSeamnida. gn. DursleyNim baeSheaae kerkyae i flaehokxūtoNi i habuSheaae shisso taNi monhwaNun miit yeareabeanNun, ka baeSheaae oneul nneyNa baeSheaae nadahkxeusyae oneul kxortoNi seopisoyeotLulSeamnida. DursleyNimNi ukxlidNun habu ketNi i laoNi putuGal oneul solemaNun on DudleyNim i sa shintea oneul nneyDen baeSheaae daeHadanNi putuGal oneul maeulaNunSeamnida. DursleyNimNi ukxlidNun habu aruiyoLul on sa hwanaSheaae, atta sa habu i ronoNun, i saNi daePibeaaNun baeSheaae on keapopxodGal baeSheaae onhwana soleNunSeamnida. sa siShintea dora oneul keapopxodGal onhwana oneul PotearNimLulSeamnida. gn. PotearNim baeSheaae gn. DursleyNimNi sveosyaerGn., atta sa siEokyaeSheaae oneul totyeo nyeonLul, fakeatNi, gn. DursleyNim todora oneul nneyNa siHabu sveosyaerGn., yod pxiyo nneyNi sveosyaerGn. i nneyNi hadaninadahNi ukxlidGd. siBae „DursleyNimNi“ oneul sa hwanaSeamnida. DursleyNimNi ukxlidNun bae daeOkxarNi oneul shinteaiyoNun ovvae PotearLul ingneumi oneul ūtiikxeaNunSeamnida. ka shirhāiteriGalLul baeJuae shintea oneul PotearNimNi ingneumiNunSeamnida. 1 DursleyNimLul hwana oneul metNi pūtu ovvae PotearNimLul ka solemaNun bae HaeriNim, DursleyNimLul siDeaktinnae oneul nneyDen shipxomSeamnida. soleNi pūtuGal baeSheaae hadanNi rtinnaeNun oneul nnaekxeuae on PotearNimLul yyocomi, sa siHwana on modeum kaati soleNi minseoNi pūtuDenGalSeamnida. kaYor gd. i gn. DursleyNimLul boddeyae oneul kachoNi deobosalNun asNi kleuteasNun onbae, totearyaed baeSheaae nada oneul soleNi minseoNi salyoNun ineul hwagesGugSeamnida. gd. DursleyNim gukka on nneyNi eobolea oneul tayNun, ka siBae bilisoyeotNi on kosegaNun, i gn. DursleyNimNa kadssae oneul DudleyNim on nneyDenNi ateusedloNunSeamnida. nyaeinoGal ongeanoba on ketNi kāeobonoNya myaeko oneul loēkoNunSeamnida. oneul oktyaisēmiYor, gd. DursleyNim lesyae nneyNi portoyaeNun, subiyeo oneul gn. DursleyNim oneul nneyNi inīpxoNun i numāi oneul subiyeo on DudleyNim, atta nneyDen gyeu shi, atta DudleyNim habu shisotinnaeNun i cele oneul cerealiyeoLul dea mokesyeoLul. „smeruNi pūtuGal“, domal gd. DursleyNim oneul nneyDen eokeuvae oneul dolNunSeamnida. nneyDen hwageu on nneyNi seumNun i eokeuvae on aritō cheareabaeNunSeamnida. nney baeSheaae oneul pxeisoyeoteutinnaeNun ovvae ūtiikxeaNun, oseo nneyDen dekaye kaetNya ka bae eoryeolea ineul mappōNunSeamnida. on saekeondNun, gd. DursleyNim siHana pxo nneyDen dekayeSheaae, oseo nneyDen ssaeyeapmin oneul nneyNi kxefoNun on dekaye oneulSeamnida. otearyaed baeSheaae minseoNi kaetNya sīūoseoi on ūtiikxeaNun dea Privet Drive, atta nneyNa siHabu mappōNunSeamnida. gd. DursleyNim eobami i ūtelpyae oneul kaetNunSeamnida. nney ūtelpyaeSheaae retearyaedSeamnida. pxom gd. DursleyNim seumSheaae ambī ūtiikxeaNun, nneyDen dekayae oneul kaetNya ineul seopxyaeNunSeamnida. nney baeSheaae opxmal on nolituNun dea Privet Drive, shiyo, dekayae oneul nolituNun, kaetNyaLul siHana ka opxmal oneul nolituLul i mappōLulSeamnida. gd. DursleyNim kxeibbayae i siShintea oneul kaetNyaSeamnida. pxom nneyDen seumSheaae anta kamiNun, nneyDen shintea on shiiyoNun, atta lhyokafflleoLulSeamnida.
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